Whole cane sugar refers to unrefined sugar, which is obtained from sugar cane. Minimal processing produces products like Panela from Latin America, Rapadura from Brazil, Muscovado from the Philippines, Jaggery which can be found in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and Sucanat (which is a brand name product). These products contain much of the molasses that would otherwise be removed in the refining process, giving them a strong flavor.
Whole cane sugar is much more healthy than traditional sweeteners. Unlike traditional brown sugar, vitamins, minerals, and molasses are not displaced during the processing of the product. It is a much more natural alternative for this reason.